{"id":236127,"date":"2025-07-13T20:24:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-13T17:24:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eshraag.com\/1.7.89\/236127.html"},"modified":"2025-07-13T20:24:11","modified_gmt":"2025-07-13T17:24:11","slug":"%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88-%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eshraag.com\/1.7.89\/236127.html","title":{"rendered":"\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 82 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n

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\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 13. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\"\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642AFP<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015<\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1962-1963 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627” \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 – \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0633\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 Buhari \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 Olusegun Obasanjo \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\n

\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1983 – \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0636\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 – \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1983 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u060c \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 (\u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 Shagari \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 20 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 500 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 “\u062d\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637” \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0641\u062f\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a – \u0634\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 – \u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 – \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 – \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1985 \u062a\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 40 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1983 \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005: “\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\"AFPAFP<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627<\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n
\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0632\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 “\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f” \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0647 “\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629” \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. <\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

“\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632”<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0633\u064f\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621: “\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632”.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 – \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 50 \u0643\u062c\u0645 (110 \u0631\u0637\u0644) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 10 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u060c \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 7500 \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (5 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u061b 3 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60\u060c000 \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u060c \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0639\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 50 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a Goodluck [Jonathan] \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 25 \u0643\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 “.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0647\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\"AFPAFP<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633<\/figcaption><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n

“\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621”<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\n

\u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 “\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627” \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 [Father] \u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 “\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 “\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2022-2023 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0647 (\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a) \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0634\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f APC \u060c \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 “\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/a>“\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 2023.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d APC.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u0639 37 \u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0645\u0646 1971-1988 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 10 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
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\"GettyGetty Images\/BBC<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n


\n\u0646\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631 “\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 82 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627
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\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 24- \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 . \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631 “\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 82 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 ” \u063a\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 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